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Objective:To investigate the effects of lengths of intramedullary nails on the treatment efficacy of osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fracture.Methods:Retrospectively analyzed were the data of patients with osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fracture who had been admitted to Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. According to the lengths of intramedullary nails, the patients were divided into 2 groups. In the short nail group of 135 cases, there were 38 males and 97 females with an age of (82.2 ± 7.7) years and an intramedullary nail with a length of 170 mm was used. In the long nail group of 32 cases, there were 8 males and 24 females with an age of (81.5±7.1) years and an intramedullary nail longer than 300 mm was used. The amount of intraoperative hemoglobin drop value, operation time, Harris hip score at 6 months after surgery, incidence of complications and mortality were compared between the 2 groups.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability between groups ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in intraoperative hemoglobin drop value [(19.8±2.2) g/L versus (20.0±2.1) g/L], Harris hip score (72.0±3.0 versus 71.2±3.6), incidence of complications [3.0% (4/135) versus 6.2 (2/32)] or mortality [14.3% (19/135) versus 15.6% (5/32)] ( P>0.05). The long nail group needed significantly longer operation time than the short nail group [(84.6±5.6) min versus (92.0±7.2) min] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:In the treatment of osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fracture, short and long intramedullary nails show no significant difference in hemoglobin drop value, functional score, complications or mortality, indicating they can both lead to safe and reliable curative efficacy. However, long nails need longer operation time.
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Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy combination regimens have been widely used in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), but patients with low PD-L1 expression have limited objective response and survival benefits. Existing treatment regimens are still difficult to fully meet the clinical needs of patients in the real world. Therefore, researchers are still exploring novel superactive treatment options to further improve the efficacy and survival prognosis of different sub-groups in NSCLC. Dual immunotherapy [such as the combination of PD-1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors] has shown considerable long-term survival benefits in a variety of tumors and has also shown broad clinical prospects in NSCLC. In addition to exploring different emerging combination options, how to accurately identify the optimal-benefit groups through predictive biomarkers and how to effectively manage the safety of combination immunotherapy through multidisciplinary collaboration are also the focus of dual immunotherapy. This article reviews the mechanism of action, research progress, predictive biomarkers and future exploration directions of dual immunotherapy. .
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Humans , B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Immunotherapy , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , PrognosisABSTRACT
Objective:To summarize the clinical manifestations and gene mutation features of patients with nucleotide excision repair (NER) disorders.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of patients with NER disorders who were admitted to the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital from October 2008 to February 2022 and diagnosed in the Outpatient Department of Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2015 to February 2022.Literature on previously reported Chinese patients with NER disorders was reviewed.Results:(1)A total of 16 patients with NER disorders were enrolled, including 6 males and 10 females.The onset age was 7.5 (4.0, 12.0) months and the age at diagnosis was 42.0 (21.5, 77.0) months.There were 3 types of NER disorders: Cockayne syndrome (CS) in 13 cases, Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) in 2 cases and Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal syndrome (COFS) in 1 case.Four disease-causing genes were detected: CSA gene in 11 cases, CSB gene in 3 cases, XPG gene in 1 case, and XPD gene in 1 case.The first symptoms of the 16 patients were photosensitivity and developmental delay, and neurological symptoms were observed in all the 3 NER disorder types.XP and CS patients had skin symptoms.CS patients presented typical facial features, visual and auditory impairment, microcephaly and changes in neuroimaging features.COFS patients showed intrauterine growth retardation.(2)Results of literature review: a total of 96 Chinese patients reported were retrieved, involving 6 disease types, including CS in 45 cases, XP in 44 cases, trichothiodystrophy in 4 cases, COFS in 1 case, XP-CS in 1 case, and ultraviolet sensitive syndrome in 1 case.Nine mutated genes were identified: CSA in 33 cases, XPA in 15 cases, CSB in 13 cases, XPV in 10 cases, XPC in 9 cases, XPG in 7 cases, XPD in 7 cases, XPF in 1 case, and MPLKIP in 1 case.The common symptoms were growth failure (62 cases), skin photosensitivity (61 cases), typical facial features (52 cases), mental retardation (49 cases) and microcephaly (48 cases). Among 36 cases had imaging data 33 cases(91.7%)had calcification of basal nucleus or globus pallidus.Three cases had intrauterine growth retardation and microcephaly during pregnancy. Conclusions:Patients with such prenatal manifestations as intrauterine growth retardation and microcephaly or with typical symptoms like skin photosensitivity, typical facial features, growth failure, mental retardation, hypertonia, and calcifications of basal ganglia should be suspected of NER disorders.Early genetic testing is recommended to confirm the diagnosis.
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Objective:To analyze the influence of comprehensive rehabilitation on postoperative functions in the elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Methods:From June 2015 to June 2019, 144 elderly patients were treated at Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital for femoral intertrochanteric fractures by internal fixation with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA). Of them, 65 received comprehensive rehabilitation, including intervention measures for details, prevention and management of comorbidities and complications and active exercise of the injured limb, while 79 conventional rehabilitation. In the comprehensive rehabilitation group, there were 22 males and 43 females with an age of (76.6±6.7) years, and 18 cases of type 31-A1, 35 cases of type 31-A2 and 12 cases of type 31-A3 by the AO type. In the control group, there were 23 males and 56 females with an age of (75.2±7.0) years, and 25 cases of type 31-A1, 39 cases of type 31-A2 and 15 cases of type 31-A3 by the AO type. The 2 groups were compared in terms of visual analog scale (VAS), Harris hip score, Barthel index, postoperative ambulation time and complications at 6 months after operation.Results:The 2 groups were comparable because there was no significant difference between them in the preoperative or intraoperative general data ( P>0.05). The comprehensive rehabilitation group had a significantly lower VAS score (1.5±1.0), a significantly higher Harris hip score(83.9±5.4), a significantly higher Barthel index (81.6±5.4), significantly shorter postoperative ambulation time [(2.6±1.0) d], and a significantly lower incidence of complications [4.6% (3/65)] than the control group did [1.9±1.2, 80.2±7.9, 78.2±7.9, (3.2±1.4) d, 16.5%(13/79), respectively] (all P< 0.05). Conclusion:For elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture, comprehensive rehabilitation can significantly reduce complications, promote functional recovery of the hip, and speed up recovery of capabilities of daily living compared with conventional rehabilitation.
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The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in cell fate and homeostasis.Various studies have proved that the Notch signaling pathway has strong effects on corneal wound healing and the maintenance of corneal homeostasis.Limbal stem cells inhibit differentiation and proliferation by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway.Physiologic downregulation promotes cell migration and wound coverage in the early stage of corneal epithelial repair, and physiologic upregulation in the late stage of corneal epithelial repair is related to preventing excessive stratification of corneal epithelial cells and maintaining cell differentiation.Fibrosis is correlated with Notch after corneal stromal injury.The Notch signaling pathway is directly involved in the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-β after corneal endothelial injury.In addition, there are interactions between the Notch signaling pathway and 14-3-3 sigma, epidermal growth factor receptor, Sirt6, microRNA, and matrix metalloproteinases in maintaining corneal epithelial homeostasis, corneal epithelial differentiation, corneal stromal excessive inflammatory response, corneal neovascularization, etc.This review summarizes the function of the Notch signaling pathway in corneal wound healing.
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Objective@#To evaluate the effectiveness of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanomedicine in suppressing corneal neovascularization (CNV) in vivo.@*Methods@#ROS-responsive nanomedicine (ROS-TK-5/siVEGF), which consists of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) small interfering RNA (siRNA) and thioketal linkage was synthesized by the Michael addition.The cumulative release of siVEGF from nanomedicine under oxidant conditions was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis.Thirty-nine VEGFR2-luc-KI transgenic mice were used in this study, of which 30 mice were randomly divided into a normal control group, a PBS control group, an ROS-TK-5/NC group, an ROS-TK-5/siVEGF group, and a ranibizumab group, with 6 mice in each group.The ROS levels in the corneal tissue after alkali burning were tested by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining in the other 9 mice.In each group, alkali-burned mice were subconjunctivally injected with 10 μl of a different formula every two days.The effectiveness of nanomedicine in attenuating CNV was evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy and an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) at 7, 14, and 21 days after alkali burning. The use and care of the animals complied with the Statement of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) and the Guidelines of the Animal Experimental Committee of Liberation Army General Hospital.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Liberation Army General Hospital (No.2018-X14-82).@*Results@#After treathrent with an aqueous solution without ROS, only 5%-10% of the siVEGF was released from the nanoparticles within 10 hours.In contrast, about 70% of the siVEGF was released from the nanoparticles after treatment with 10 mmol/L H2O2 within 10 hours.The relative fluorescent intensities in the corneal stromal layer at 7 days and 14 days after alkali burning were 5.403±0.306 and 2.930±0.255, respectively, which was significantly greater than those in the normal control group (1.003±0.015) (both at P<0.05). The CNV areas were statistically different among the four groups at various time points (Fgroup=49.855, P<0.01; Ftime=65.556, P<0.01). The CNV area was significantly reduced in the ROS-TK-5/siVEGF and ranibizumab groups compared with the PBS control and ROS-TK-5/NC groups at 7 days and 14 days after modeling, and the CNV area was more effectively reduced in the ROS-TK-5/siVEGF group than the ranibizumab group at 7 days and 14 days after modeling (all at P<0.05). At day 21 after modeling, the CNV area was significantly reduced in the ROS-TK-5/siVEGF and ranibizumab groups compared to the PBS control and ROS-TK-5/NC groups (all at P<0.05). IVIS showed that the corneal fluorescent intensity was statistically different among the four groups at various times (Fgroup=27.193, P=0.003; Ftime=51.062, P<0.01). The corneal fluorescent intensities were significantly reduced in the ROS-TK-5/siVEGF and ranibizumab groups compared to the PBS control and ROS-TK-5/NC groups at 7 days and 14 days after modeling; in addition, the corneal fluorescent intensity was more effectively reduced in the ROS-TK-5/siVEGF group in comparison with the ranibizumab group at 7 days and 14 days after modeling (all at P<0.05). At 21 days after modeling, the corneal fluorescent intensity was significantly reduced in the ROS-TK-5/siVEGF and ranibizumab groups compared to the PBS control and ROS-TK-5/NC groups (all at P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#ROS-TK-5/siVEGF nanomedicine effectively attenuates alkali burn-induced CNV formation and appears to have a better effect in comparison with ranibizumab at an early stage.
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Objective:To explore the incidence and morphology of the posterolateral fracture fragment affecting the fibular notch in posterior pilon fracture.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the CT and clinical data of the 31 patients with posterior pilon fracture who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedic, China-Japan Friendship Hospital from May 2013 to May 2018. They were 17 men and 14 women, aged from 20 to 68 years (average, 42 years). The injury affected the left side in 13 cases and the right side in 18 ones. The incidence of the posterolateral fracture fragments affecting the fibular notch was counted. The morphologic indexes of the fragments were measured like axial angle of their fracture line, fragment area, fragment height, and sagittal angle of their fracture line.Results:A posterolateral fracture fragment affecting the fibular notch was found in all the 31 posterior pilon fractures, giving an incidence of 100% in the posterior pilon fracture. The fracture line of the fragments tended to be in the coronal plane. The axial angle of the fracture line was 20.25°±9.48°; the ratio of the fragment area to the distal tibial articular area was 15.78%±6.75%; the fragment height was 36.59 mm ± 10.70 mm; the sagittal angle of the fracture line was 18.37°±5.45°.Conclusions:A posterolateral fracture fragment affecting the fibular notch can be found in all the posterior pilon fractures. It does not affect a large articular area and its fracture line is usually located in the coronal plane. These data may help choose appropriate surgical approach and internal fixation.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanomedicine in suppressing corneal neovascularization (CNV) in vivo.Methods ROS-responsive nanomedicine (ROS-TK-5/siVEGF),which consists of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) small interfering RNA (siRNA) and thioketal linkage was synthesized by the Michael addition.The cumulative release of siVEGF from nanomedicine under oxidant conditions was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis.Thirty-nine VEGFR2-1uc-KI transgenic mice were used in this study,of which 30 mice were randomly divided into a normal control group,a PBS control group,an ROS-TK-5/NC group,an ROS-TK-5/siVEGF group,and a ranibizumab group,with 6 mice in each group.The ROS levels in the corneal tissue after alkali burning were tested by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining in the other 9 mice.In each group,alkali-burned mice were subconjunctivally injected with 10 μl of a different formula every two days.The effectiveness of nanomedicine in attenuating CNV was evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy and an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) at 7,14,and 21 days after alkali burning.The use and care of the animals complied with the Statement of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) and the Guidelines of the Animal Experimental Committee of Liberation Army General Hospital.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Liberation Army General Hospital (No.2018-X14-82).Results After treathrent with an aqueous solution without ROS,only 5％-10％ of the siVEGF was released from the nanoparticles within 10 hours.In contrast,about 70％ of the siVEGF was released from the nanoparticles after treatment with 10 mmol/L H2O2 within 10 hours.The relative fluorescent intensities in the corneal stromal layer at 7 days and 14 days after alkali burning were 5.403±0.306 and 2.930±0.255,respectively,which was significantly greater than those in the normal control group (1.003±0.015) (both at P＜0.05).The CNV areas were statistically different among the four groups at various time points (Fgroup =49.855,P＜0.01;Ftime =65.556,P＜0.01).The CNV area was significantly reduced in the ROS-TK-5/siVEGF and ranibizumab groups compared with the PBS control and ROS-TK-5/NC groups at 7 days and 14 days after modeling,and the CNV area was more effectively reduced in the ROS-TK-5/siVEGF group than the ranibizumab group at 7 days and 14 days after modeling (all at P＜0.05).At day 21 after modeling,the CNV area was significantly reduced in the ROS-TK-5/siVEGF and ranibizumab groups compared to the PBS control and ROS-TK-5/NC groups (all at P＜ 0.05).IVIS showed that the corneal fluorescent intensity was statistically different among the four groups at various times (Fgroup =27.193,P =0.003;Ftime =51.062,P ＜ 0.01).The corneal fluorescent intensities were significantly reduced in the ROS-TK-5/siVEGF and ranibizumab groups compared to the PBS control and ROS-TK-5/NC groups at 7 days and 14 days after modeling;in addition,the corneal fluorescent intensity was more effectively reduced in the ROS-TK-5/siVEGF group in comparison with the ranibizumab group at 7 days and 14 days after modeling (all at P＜ 0.05).At 21 days after modeling,the corneal fluorescent intensity was significantly reduced in the ROS-TK-5/ siVEGF and ranibizumab groups compared to the PBS control and ROS-TK-5/NC groups (all at P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions ROS-TK-5/siVEGF nanomedicine effectively attenuates alkali burn-induced CNV formation and appears to have a better effect in comparison with ranibizumab at an early stage.
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Objective To investigate the effect of intraoperative dripping of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) on the perioperative blood loss in elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture.Methods From January 2016 to August 2017,118 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture were treated with hip arthroplasty at Department of Orthopaedics,China-Japan Friendship Hospital.They were 45 males and 73 females,with an average age of 77.1 years.Of them,60 (TXA group) were subjected to intravenous TXA dripping over 10 minutes by 2 doses (15 mg/kg TXA dissolved in 100 mL of saline) with the first dose before incision and the second one at wound closure;58 (control group) were subjected to intravenous administration of 100 mL of saline solution in a similar fashion.Blood routine tests were carried out one day before operation,and the first and third days after operation.The transfusion rate and volume,and surgical blood loss were recorded.The total blood loss on postoperative 1-day and 3-day were calculated according to hemoglobin balance method.The 2 groups were compared in terms of blood loss and complications.Results The blood transfusion rate (21.7％),blood transfusion volume (310.8 ± 85.7 mL),surgical blood loss (424.3 ± 87.6 mL),total blood loss on postoperative 1-day (1,284.6 ±288.7 mL) and total blood loss on postoperative 3-day (1,501.2 ± 337.1 mL) in the TXA group were all significantly lower than those in the control group (41.4％,379.8 ± 110.2 mL,526.7 ± 113.8 mL,1,534.8 ± 279.2 mL and 1,887.4 ± 431.8 mL,respectively) (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in postoperative complications (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture,intravenous TXA administration may lower transfusion rate,reduce transfusion volume,and decrease surgical blood loss and postoperative total blood loss without increasing the risks of surgery-related complications like thrombosis.
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Objective To explore the risk factors of acute renal failure (ARF)in patients with ECMO.Methods Retrospective analysis the patients with ECMO.There were 91 males and 79 fe-males.The age was 18-73 years old.Data of patients'preoperative basic situation(gender,age, history of related diseases,including hypertension,diabetes,heart history),related clinical situations during ECMO period,complications were collected.Patients were divided into two groups according to the ARF occurring.We selected the risk factors which may affect the ARF through the single factor analysis,and then determined the independent risk factors that affected the ECMO ARF by lo-gistic regression analysi.Results This study included 170 cases,91 cases occurred ARF (53.5%). Single factor analysis:the patient with CPR before ECMO,high lactic acid levels pre-ECMO,high inotropic equivalents,large amounts of red blood cells,plasma and platelet transfusion,high C-reac-tive protein levels and high BNP levels during ECMO,long time of ECMO support were associated with patients with ARF.Multiple factors analysis showed that high lactic acid levels pre-ECMO (OR 2.96,95% CI 1.38-6.34),P=0.005),high inotropic equivalents (OR 3.17,95% CI 1.52-6.61, P=0.002)were independent risk factors of ARF in patients with ECMO.Conclusion The patients with ECMO have a high incidence of acute renal failure,large doses of positive inotropic drug and high lactic acid levels are independent risk factors of acute renal failure in patients with ECMO.
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Licorice is one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs, mainly containing triterpenoids and flavonoids. Three original plants, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., and Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., are defined as licorice in Chinese pharmacopeia. In this study, 40 G. uralensis samples [Group A], 60 G. glabra samples [Group B, C and D] and 40 G. inflata samples [Group E and F], were used as plant materials, the genetic diversity of samples were determined by gene sequencing technology and the chemotypic diversity were detected by HPLC. The chemotypic diversity analysis showed that contents of triterpenoids in G. glabra [isoglycyrrhizin: 2.483 +/- 0.0671 mg·g-1, glycyrrhizin: 34.660 +/- 0.8591 mg·g-1] were obviously higher than that in G. uralensis and G. inflata. However, the contents of flavonoids [liquiritin: 21.996 +/- 0.6396 mg·g-1, isoliquiritin: 4.556 +/- 0.1252 mg.g-1, liquiritigenin: 0.623 +/- 0.0200 mg·g-1, isoliquiritigenin: 0.281 +/- 0.008 mg·g-1] in G. uralensis were higher than that in G. glabra and G. inflata. And contents of triterpenoids and flavonoids were both lowest in G. inflata. The genetic diversity analysis showed that the psbA-trnH intergenic regions on chloroplast DNA sequences were same in the same species, and significantly different between any two species. These findings will lay a solid foundation for the identification and quality control of licorice. Furthermore, recently the activity of isoglycyrrhizin has attracted more and more attentions and researches. The HPLC method established in this paper for the simultaneous assay of isoglycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizin will be helpful for the screening of superior quality licorice with a high content of isoglycyrrhizin
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Objective To analyze the risk factors associated with periprosthetic femoral fracture following hemiarthroplasty (HA) for displaced femoral neck fracture in aged patients.Methods From January 2013 to June 2016,120 patients over 80 years old were treated by HA for displaced femoral neck fractures.They were 45 males and 75 females,with an average age of 85.2 years (from 80 to 97 years).Their fractures were Garden type Ⅲ (72 cases) and Garden type Ⅳ (48 cases).The time from injury to operation averaged 5.1 days.The patients were divided into a fracture group and a non-fracture group according to the presence or absence of the periprosthetic fracture.The general data of the 2 groups were compared;multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to indentify the influencing factors associated with periprosthetic femoral fracture.Results The 120 patients obtained a mean follow-up of 26.1 months (from 13 to 48 months).Periprosthetic femoral fracture occurred in 11 cases,giving an overall incidence of 9.2％ (11/120).Compared with the non-fracture group,the average age was significantly older,the incidence of past fractures was significantly higher,significantly more types of uncemented stem were used,and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grading was significantly more severe for the fracture group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups concerning the general data (P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analyses revealed that age [OR =1.268,95％ CI (1.059,1.517),P =0.010] and type ofuncemented stem [OR =0.072,95％ CI (0.008,0.625),P =0.017] were independent risk factors for periprosthetic fracture.Conclusions The incidence of periprosthetic femoral fracture in the elderly patients may be high following HA for femoral neck fractures.Since age and uncemented stem may be independent risk factors for periprosthetic femoral fracture,surgeons should pay enough attention to them in clinic.
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Objective: To study the expression of CD138 in normal cervical mucosal tissue,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CINⅠ/Ⅱ and CINⅢ) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.And to investigate the clinical pathologic significance of CD 138 expression with lymph node metastasis , microvascular density ( MVD ) , CD68 expression and clinical stage in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:To detected the expression of CD 138 in 120 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma ,106 cases of CINⅢ,14 cases of CINⅠ/Ⅱand 54 cases of normal cervical mucosa tissues.Results: The expression of CD138 was lowest in cervical cancer tissue,followed by normal cervical mucosal tissue ,CIN I/II and CINIII,that there had significant difference (P<0.001).The expression level of CD138 was higher in without lymph node metastasis group than in lymph node metastasis group ( P<0.05 ).In cervical cancer , the expression level of CD 138 was higher in early stage ( stage 0 andⅠ) than in advanced stage (Ⅱ) ( P<0.001 );and higher in CD68 expression negative group than in positive group (P<0.05).Furthermore,MVD was higher in CD138 expression negative group than in positive group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: CD138 play an important role in the process of development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma,especially for the role of lymph node metastasis is more obvious.CD138 could be used as a indicators for determinate the process of progress in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
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BACKGROUND:J2 takes functional domain (MHC CD4-D1/) of complex conjugate of CD4 molecule and MHC class II molecule as a target, and is a smal molecule compound obtained by computer screening from a chemical data containing hundreds of thousands of organic compounds. In the previous study, J2 was used in mouse models of skin transplantation and keratoplasty by oral and intraperitoneal injection. Results verified that J2 could prolong the survival time of grafts, and suppress occurrence of rejection. To better play the role of a drug targeting and to reduce systemic toxicity, J2 wil be further utilized in local treatment of keratoplasty rejection. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inhibitory effect of new immunosuppressive agent J2 on CD4+ and CD8+T cel immune functions in rat models receiving alogenic penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS:Alogeneic penetrating keratoplasty model was established using the adult female Wistar rats as donors and Sprague-Dawley rats as recipients. Group A: normal Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 0.05 mL placebo subconjunctivaly. Surgery rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group B: alograft rats were injected with 0.05 mL placebo subconjunctivaly after autologous keratoplasty. Group C: alograft rats were injected with 0.05 mL placebo subconjunctivaly. Group D: alograft rats were injected with 1% J2-nanosuspension 0.05 mL subconjunctivaly. The distribution of T cel subsets in peripheral blood was detected using flow cytometry at 3 days, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after transplantation and compared among groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in total CD3+ T cels, CD4+ T cels, CD8+ T cels and CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood lymphocytes in group B at various time points. At 3 days and 1 week after surgery in group C, no significant difference in total CD3+ T cels, CD4+ T cels and CD8+ T cels was detected. At 1 and 2 weeks, the number of total CD3+ T cels, CD4+ T cels and CD8+ T cels increased, showing significant differences (P < 0.05). In group D, no significant hyperplasy was found in CD4+ T cels and CD8+ T cels at 1 and 2 weeks. The horizontal comparison of the same time point: the total CD3+ T lymphocytes of group D was significantly less than group C at 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks after operation (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference at 3 weeks between the group D and group C. The number of CD4+ T lymphocytes in group D was less than in group C at 3 days and 1 week, but with no significant difference. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ had no significant difference in group D compared with group C at 3 days, 1 and 3 weeks. J2 inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation and then inhibits T cel-mediated corneal alograft rejection.
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Objective To value the clinical efficacy and toxicity of S-1 compared to gemcitabine combined with S-1 in treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods From January 2011 to December 2013,the data of 46 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were analyzed retrospectively,including 24 patients receiving S-1 alone (group A) and 22 patients who received gemcitabine combined with S-1 (group B).The results were evaluated by objective response rate (ORR),disease control rate (DCR),survival time and safety.Results In group A the ORR was 20.8 ％ (5/24),DCR was 66.7 ％ (16/24),median progression-free survival was 4.8 months,median overall survival was 9.6 months,and 1 year survival was 12.5 ％.In group B the ORR was 27.3 ％ (6/22),DCR was 72.7 ％ (16/22),median progression-free survival was 5.9 months,median overall survival was 10.3 months,and 1 year survival was 22.7 ％.There was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence rates of leukopenia,neutropenia and thrombopenia in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion S-1 alone and gemcitabine combined with S-1 have similar effects in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer,but the toxicity of S-1 is mild and tolerable.
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Objective To investigate the relationships among free triiodothyronine( FT3 ), free thyroxine (FT4 ), and thyroid-stimulating hormone( TSH) in both plasma and breast milk of patients with thyroid diseases. Methods A total of 102 female subjects with hyperthyroidism(GD), normal thyroid function(NC), and Hashimoto′s hypothyroidism(HT or hypothyroidism)were enrolled. Their plasma and breast milk were collected for measurement of FT3 and FT4 , and TSH. Meanwhile, 11 infants of patients with hyperthyroidism and another 11 infants of patients with hypothyroidism were selected, blood FT3 , FT4 , and TSH content were determined during lactating period and 2 months after lactation. Results (1) FT3 and FT4 contents in breast milk among 3 groups were different[(1. 48 ± 0. 81), (7. 79 ± 3. 56), and (0. 77 ± 0. 42)pg/ ml; (2. 94 ± 1. 43), (14. 78 ± 7. 40), and (1. 51 ± 0. 40)pg/ ml, P0. 05). (2) FT3 ratio of breast milk to plasma of the hyperthyroidism group was different to other 2 groups(0. 42 ± 0. 04 vs 0. 35 ± 0. 03, 0. 36 ± 0. 03, P0. 05). (3)Blood FT3 , FT4 , and TSH contents from infants of patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were different, both during lactating period and 2 months after lactation[(5. 06 ± 1. 76)vs (6. 51 ± 2. 23)pg/ ml, (17. 39 ± 2. 78)vs (19. 87 ± 3. 26)pg/ ml, (1. 34 ± 1. 33)vs (0. 74 ± 0. 78)mIU/ L; (1. 43 ± 0. 74)vs (1. 83 ± 0. 91)pg/ ml, (4. 28 ± 1. 55)vs (5. 00 ± 1. 75)pg/ ml, (6. 48 ± 2. 70) vs (5. 49 ± 2. 39) mIU/ L; all P<0. 05]. (4) FT3 and FT4 contents were positively correlated in plasma and breast milk(all P<0. 05), while TSH contents were positively correlated only in hypothyroidism group(P<0. 05). Conclusion FT3 , FT4 , and TSH in blood and breast milk are correlated.
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Licorice is a common herb which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. More than 20 triterpenoids and nearly 300 flavonoids have been isolated from licorice. Recent studies have shown that these metabolites possess many pharmacological activities, such as antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and other activities. This paper provides a summary of the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice. The active components and the possible mechanisms for these activities are summarized in detail. This review will be helpful for the further studies of licorice for its potential therapeutic effects as an antiviral or an antimicrobial agent.
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Objective To investigate the combined detection of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag)and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1)value in assessing the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.Methods 60 cases of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients in January 2011 between June 2013 to be admitted to hospital were treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin or carboplatin chemotherapy.Detected the levels of serum VEGF,SCC-Ag and CYFRA21-1 expression in 60 cases before and after 1 cycle of chemotherapy in patients using ELISA and immunoradiometric assay,and evaluated the efficacy evaluation with reference to RECIST criteria after 2 cycle of chemotherapy.Results Effective group serum VEGF and CYFRA21-1 levels were 413± 114 pg/ml and 14.7±9.6 ng/ml;serum VEGF and CYFRA21-1 levels after one cycle of chemotherapy were 272±131 pg/ml and 10.8±7.1 ng/ml,which decreased after chemotherapy (P0.05). Serum SCC-Ag levels before and after each treatment group difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that serum VEGF,CYFRA2 1-1 levels and the efficacy of lung squamous were related changed (t=5.86,P<0.001;t=2.26,P=0.027),and there was no significant correlation between SCC-Ag levels changes and the effect of chemotherapy (t=1.52,P=0.133).Conclusion Serum VEGF and CYFRA21-1 expression level changes associat-ed with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung chemotherapy effect,which can advance understanding of the effect of chemo-therapy,combined with advanced squamous cell carcinoma detection of serum VEGF and chemotherapy assessment CY-FRA2 1-1 has a certain reference value.
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To identify the prevalence and the distribution of ticks infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) in Xunke Area of Heilongjiang Province ,China ,partial outer membrane protein A gene (ompA) and citrate synthase gene (gltA) specific fragments were assessed using the PCR method .The positive products were sequenced .Result showed that the pres-ence of SFGR was 14 of 60 in detection Dermacentor silvarum cases ,while the overall positive rate was 23 .33% .Its nucleotide sequence of ompA showed 99 .3% and 99 .18% similarity with nucleotide sequence of Rickettsia sp .JL-02 and Rickettsia rao-ultii respectively .And the evolutionary positions of SFGR species were similar with Rickettsiamontana and Rickettsiamassili-ae .It's concluded that the nature focus of tick-borne spotted fever did exist in the area of Xunke Area of Heilongjiang Province , China .
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Aphosphorbasedonsilicananoparticleswaspreparedusingasol-gelmethod.Thecontrollable synthesis, spectroscopic properties, cytotoxicity and cell imaging of these nanomatericals were examined by using photoluminescence spectra, TEM, XRD, confocal microscopy and other characterized measurements. The results demonstrated that the obtained sample was silica with diameter about 50 nm. The maximum fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths of the silica nanomatericals were 280 nm and 335 nm, and the maximum phosphorescence excitation and emission wavelengths of the silica nanomatericals were 280 nm and 440 nm. The obtained silica sample possessed room temperature phosphorescence that was stable against environmental changes. The obtained sample was stored in air at ambient conditions and its phosphorescence remained unchanged after 3 month demonstrated its long-term stability. The result of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) and cell imaging experiments suggested that the synthesized silica nanoparticles were feeble cytotoxicity and could be uptaken by cells at the lysosomal compartment. Therefore these nanoparticles could serve as bioprobes for cell imaging.